How to survive during nuclear attack?

The Cold War ended 20 years ago and many people never lived in the shadow of nuclear and radiological threats. However, a nuclear attack is a real threat. Global policies are far from stable and human nature has not changed in the last 20 years. "The most insistent sound echoing through the history of mankind is the sound of stolen war drums." As long as nuclear weapons exist, there are always dangers to use.


Is it possible to survive in nuclear war? There are only predictions, some say yes, some say no. It is important to note that modern thermonuclear weapons are hundreds and thousands of times stronger than the bombs thrown in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. When thousands of these weapons explode at the same time, we do not fully understand what will actually happen. For some, it may seem like a totally futile effort, especially for those living in populated centers. If they are going to survive, they will be those who live in very remote regions that are mentally and logistically prepared and that do not have strategic importance.

 

1)Preparing in advance 

Make a plan. If a nuclear attack takes place, it is dangerous to go outside to eat, you should stay in a sheltered place for at least 48 hours, preferably longer. Keeping food and medical supplies can relax your mind and allow you to focus on other things to survive.

 

stock a large amount of non-perishable food. Incompatible materials whether they are in the warehouse or after the attack, can last a few years. Choose a lot of carbohydrate containing substances, so you get more calories than the money you pay. Keep them in a cool, dry place.
White rice
Wheat
Beans
Candy
Honey
Oat
Macaroni
Milk powder
Dried fruits or vegetables
Collect the ingredients slowly. Every time he goes to the store, buy one or two more pieces for his stock. After all, you'd be stocking a couple of months.
Don't forget to have a can opener for canned foods.

Stock water. Keep the water in plastic drums. Clean the bins with bleach, then filter them and fill with distilled water.
Target 4 liters of water per day per person.
In order to remove water in an attack event, have ready-to-use bleach and potassium iodide (Ludol solution).

Find communication tools. It is vital to get information and call the others to your location. Here are the things you might need:
One radio: try to find the ones with magnetos or solar energy. Make sure you have a spare battery at hand if you have to take the battery. Also consider having NOAA emergency radio broadcasting emergency information 24 hours a day.
A whistle: You can use it to call for help.
Mobile phone: Mobile phone service may work and not work, but you may want to be prepared. If you can find it, get a solar model.

Stock medical equipment. When a few medical supplies are injured, there may be a difference between death and life for you. You will need:
Basic first aid kit: You can buy them yourself or create them yourself. You will need sterile gauze and bandages, antibiotic ointments, latex gloves, scissors, tweezers, thermometers and blankets. 
First aid instruction booklet: Buy from an organization such as a Red Crescent or create your own by getting out of the internet. You should know how to heal wounds, how to apply heart massage, how to treat shock, and how to treat burns.
Prescription medications or supplies: If you take a specific medicine every day, make sure you have a small emergency stock.

Buy various tools. Complete the emergency preparation kit as follows:
A flashlight and battery
Face mask
Plastic cover and duct tape
Garbage bags, plastic binders and wet wipes for personal hygiene
A wrench and pliers to open the gas and water valves

Follow the news. Nuclear attack is unlikely to happen suddenly by an enemy state. Such an attack is likely to occur after a political dispute. The war between the two nations, which has nuclear weapons in hand, does not end quickly, it can turn into nuclear warfare, and although there is a limited number of nuclear attacks in a region, it can turn into a total nuclear war elsewhere. Most countries have a rating system to predict that the attack is approaching. In the US and Canada, for example; It may be useful to know the DEFCON - DEFense CONdition level.

If there is a possibility of a nuclear war, consider the risk and consider evacuation. If evacuation is not an option, it should at least affect the shape of the refuge you will build for yourself. Learn the closeness to the following objectives and plan accordingly:
Airspace and naval bases are known to host silos, particularly nuclear bombers, ballistic missile submarines or ICBM (intercontinental ballistic missile) silos. They will be attacked even in a limited nuclear war.
3,048 meters of commercial ports and runways. They will probably be attacked even in a limited nuclear war, and they will surely be attacked in a large-scale nuclear war.
Government centers. They will probably be attacked even in a limited nuclear war, and they will surely be attacked in a large-scale nuclear war.
Large industrial cities and large populated centers. They are likely to be attacked in a large-scale nuclear war.

Learn about the different types of nuclear weapons:
Fission (Atomic Bombs) are the most basic nuclear weapons and included in other weapons classes. The power of this bomb comes from the separation of heavy nuclei (plutonium and uranium) by neutrons; When uranium or plutonium divide each atom, a large amount of energy and more neutrons are released. Sister neutrons cause an extremely rapid nuclear chain reaction. Fission bombs are the only nuclear bomb type ever used in the war. This is the most possible type of bomb to be used by terrorists.
Fusion (Hydrogen Bombs) compresses and heats up deuterium and tritium (isotopes of hydrogen) using extraordinary heat generated by 'triggering' a fission bomb, releasing a large amount of energy. Fusion weapons are also known as thermonuclear weapons because high temperatures are required to ignite deuterium and tritium; such weapons are often hundreds of times stronger than those that destroy Nagasaki and Hiroshima. A large part of the US and Russian strategic arsenal consists of such bombs.

2) Surviving an Impending Attack

 

Call shelter immediately. Geopolitical warning signs will be an alarm or warning that the first warnings of a near nuclear attack are great; otherwise you will do it with the explosion. The bright light created by the explosion of a nuclear weapon can be seen from a distance of tens of kilometers from the point of explosion. There is no chance of survival if you can do something (or detonation point) recently so that it can be protected by protecting one against explosion and not too (VERY) in a good bunker. If you're a few miles away, the heat wave will be 20 to 30 seconds before it hits you, until it hits the shock wave. Under no circumstances should you never look directly at the flame ball. In open air, it can cause temporary blindness at very long distances. [7] However, the actual damage radius, the size of the bomb, the explosion is high, and even according to the weather conditions at the time of the explosion.
If you don't find shelter, look for a low zone around you and lie prone to the ground and keep your skin as open as possible. If you don't have this kind of shelter, you're gonna have to go fast. 8 kilometers away, the bile was exposed to third degree thermal burns; In 32 kilometers, bile heat will burn the skin. It will reach about 960 kilometers per hour in front of the wind and destroy all living and non-living things.
Get into a building. This is a bit of protection against the most cleansing radiation. It depends on the structure of the building and how close a nuclear attack is to zero if it is a viable option. Stay away from the windows, find a room with no windows and no windows; If the building has not suffered a major damage to the gall, a nuclear explosion will explode the windows from very far distances. For example, it is known that one of the (abnormally large) nuclear tests in the Novaya Zemlya archipelago in Russia has exploded windows in Finland and Sweden.
If you reside in Switzerland or Finland, check if there is an atomic shelter in your home. If you don't, find out where the village / city / county is from an atom refuge, and learn how to get there. Remember: in Switzerland you can find an atomic shelter for him. In Switzerland, when the sirens ring, you can listen to national and international radio services (RSR, DRS and / or RTSI) in a way that cannot be heard (hearing impaired).
Possibility of flaming or igniting. Materials such as nylon or oil-based materials may ignite.

Remember that exposure to radiation can cause many deaths.
First (fast) radiation. This is the radiation released at the time of the explosion and is short-lived and short-distance. It is thought that with the great returns of modern nuclear weapons, it will kill a small number of people that will not kill an explosion or heat at the same distance.
No more radiation. It is known as radioactive spray. If the explosion is a surface explosion or the flame ball hits the ground, a large amount of fallout occurs. Dust and debris scattering into the atmosphere brings with it a dangerous amount of radiation. The fallout can fall as a dirty black so-called "black rain", which is very deadly and can be extremely hot. Fallout will contaminate everything it touches.

After getting rid of the explosion and the first radiation (at least for the time being, there is an incubation period of radiation symptoms), you should find protection against black flare.

Find out the types of radiation particles. Before continuing, we should mention three different types:
Alpha particles. These are the weakest and not a threat during an attack. Alpha particles will survive only a few inches in the air before they are absorbed by the atmosphere. It poses a very small threat from the outside, but will be fatal if swallowed or inhaled. Normal clothing will help protect you from Alpha particles.
Beta particles: These are faster than Alpha particles and can penetrate further. It will reach up to 10 meters before being absorbed in the atmosphere. Beta particles are not fatal if not exposed for a long time, but cause "Beta burns tir, which is as painful as a sunburn. However, when exposed to a long period of time, it poses a serious threat to the eyes. They are also harmful if swallowed or inhaled and will help prevent beta burns.
Gamma rays: Gamma rays are the most deadly. They can travel up to two kilometers in the air and penetrate all kinds of preservatives. Thus, gamma radiation causes serious damage to the internal organs, even as an external source. Qualified protection will be required.
The PF of a bunker against radiation will tell you how many times less of a person in the shelter will receive radiation than an open area. For example; RPF 300 means that you will receive 300 times less radiation in the shelter than in the open area.
Avoid exposure to gamma radiation. Try not to be exposed for more than 5 minutes. If you're in the countryside, try to find a cave or a fallen log that you can get into. Otherwise, go for a trench to reach out and stack the soil around it.

Start strengthening your dugout from the inside by stacking mud or something else you can find around the walls. If you are in a trench and soon have material, create a roof for yourself; unnecessary A parachute or tent canvas will help you stop the fallout residues on it, but will not stop gamma rays. Full protection against radiation is impossible at the basic physical level. It can only be reduced to an acceptable level. To help you determine the amount of material you need to reduce the radiation penetration to 1/1000, you can:
Steel: 21 cm
Rock: 70-100 cm
Concrete: 66 cm
Wood: 2.6 m
Soil: 1 m
Ice: 2 m
Snow: 6 m

Plan to stay in the shelter for at least 48 hours (2 days). In any case, do not leave the shelter in the first 48 hours.
The reason for this is to avoid ın fission products den created by a nuclear explosion. The most deadly of these is radioactive iodine. Fortunately, the radioiodine has a relatively short half-life (as long as the time required for the more reliable isotopes to be cleaved), such as eight days. Even after 8-9 days, there will be some radioiodine around, so don't stay outdoors. It may take up to 90 days for the amount of radioiodine to decrease to 0.1% of the initial amount.
Other major products of nuclear fission are Cesium and Strontium. These are 30 years and 28 years longer, respectively. They are well absorbed by living things and their impact on food products can last for decades. These materials can be carried thousands of miles away by wind, so if you think you're safe in a remote area, you're wrong.

Separate your work. In order to survive, of course you will have to separate the ration; therefore you will eventually expose yourself to radiation (unless you are in a private bunker with food and water).
Processed food is no problem at dinner, but the box should not be hole and solid.
Animals are edible, but the heart, liver and kidneys need to be carefully removed. Try not to eat meat that is close to the bone because it holds the bone marrow radiation.
How to Eat Dove or Pigeon
How to Eat Wild Rabbit
Plants contained in a "hot zone" are edible; those with edible roots (such as carrots and potatoes) are recommended. Do an edibility test on plants. Read How to Test a Plant to Be Eatable.
Open water has received radioactive fallout particles and can therefore also be harmful. Water from an underground source such as a source or well is the best. Use a solar distillator in a pit, as described in How to Make Water in the Desert.) Use the water in rivers and lakes only as a last resort. Create a filter by digging a pit about 30 centimeters away from the coast and pulling the water into it. This water may be cloudy or muddy, so wait for the sediments to settle, then boil the water to protect it from bacteria. If you're in a building, water is usually safe. If there is no water (probably not), use the water in the pipes to open the tap at the highest point of the house to let the air in, then open a tap at the bottom of the house to draw the water.
See also How to Obtain Emergency Drinking Water from the Water Heater.
Learn How to Purify

Especially if you're out there, put on all your clothes (hats, gloves, goggles, long sleeve shirts, etc.) to prevent Beta burns. Remove any harmful substances by continuously flushing the laundry and washing the exposed parts with water; residual residues will eventually cause burns.

Treat radiation burns and thermal burns.
Minor burns: Also known as beta burns (although may be due to other particles). Keep the beta burns in cold water until the pain subsides (about 5 minutes).
If the skin begins to blister, roast or explode; wash with cold water to remove waste, then cover with a sterile compress to prevent infection. Playing with the blistering!
If the skin does not swell, roast or explode; even if there is a large part of the body (such as sunburn). Instead, wash the area and cover with Vaseline or baking soda and water if any. There is also moist soil.
Excessive burn: It is known as thermal burn because it occurs with high intensity explosion heat rather than ionizing particles. This may be life-threatening; Everything can be a factor: water loss, shock, lung injury, infection, etc. Follow these steps to treat severe burns:
Protect burns from more contamination.
If the clothing covers the burned area, gently cut the fabric and remove the burn. WORKING to remove the gland that has stuck to the burns. Trying to pull the clothes on the burns. SLIMMING ointment on burn. Or call the Medical Treatment Unit.
Wash the burnt area ONLY with water. CALL cream or ointment application.
USING a normal sterile medical outfit, not specifically intended for burns. Non-stick burns (and all other medical devices) are likely to be difficult to find, as a suitable alternative to plastic wraps (also known as stretch film) that are sterile, non-adherent and easily available.
Prevent shock. Shock is insufficient blood flow to vital tissues and organs. If left untreated, it can be fatal. Shock is caused by excessive blood loss, deep burns, or by reaction of an open wound or blood. Symptoms are restlessness, thirst, pale skin and fast pulse. The skin appears cool and moist, but sweating may occur. As they get worse, they breathe short and fast with no expression. To treat: keep the appropriate heartbeat and breathing by massaging the chest and positioning the person for adequate breathing. Loosen squeezing clothes and give the person morale. Be gentle with yourself.

Radiation Syndrome, also referred to as radiation sickness to help people who suffer. This is not contagious and everything depends on the amount of radiation that the person receives. Here's an abbreviated version of the table:

Get familiar with radiation units. (Gy (gray) = SI unit used to measure the dose of ionizing radiation. 1 Gy = 100 rad. Sv (Sievert) = dose equivalent SI unit, 1 Sv = 100 REM. If we simplify, 1 Gy generally equals 1 Sv.)
Less than 0.05 Gy: No visible signs.
0.05-0.5 Gy: Transient reduction in the number of red blood cells.
0.5-1 Gy: reduction in the production of immune cells; predisposition to infections; nausea, headache and vomiting can be seen frequently. This amount of radiation can usually survive without any treatment.
1.5-3 Gy: 35% of the survivors die within 30 days. (LD 35/30) Nausea, vomiting and hair loss all over the body.
3-4 Gy: Severe radiation poisoning, 50% mortality after 30 days (LD 50/30). Other symptoms are similar to the 2–3 Sv dose; uncontrollable bleeding in the mouth, skin and kidney following the latent period (50% probability in 4 Sv).
4-6 Gy: Acute radiation poisoning, 60% mortality after 30 days (LD 60/30). The mortality rate increases from 60% in 4.5 Sv to 6% in 90 Sv (no intensive medical care). The symptoms start half an hour to two hours after irradiation and continue for up to 2 days. Thereafter, there is a latent period of 7 to 14 days, followed by 3-4 Sv irradiation, usually with the same symptoms increasing intensity. At this point infertility is common in women. The period of conquest lasts from a few months to a year. The main causes of death (usually 2 to 12 weeks after irradiation) are infection and internal bleeding.
6-10 Gy: The mortality rate is close to 100% after 14 days in acute radiation poisoning (LD 100/14). The probability of survival depends on intensive medical care. Bone marrow is almost or completely broken, so bone marrow transplantation is necessary. Stomach and intestinal tissue are severely damaged. Symptoms start 15 to 30 minutes after irradiation and continue for up to 2 days. He then had a latent period of 5 to 10 days, after which the person died of infection or internal bleeding. The recovery period lasts for several years and is probably never completed. Devair Alves Ferreira received an approx. 7.0 Sv dose in the Goiania crash and survived partly due to partial exposure.
12-20 REM: Death is 100% at this stage; The symptoms appear immediately. The digestive system is completely disrupted. Bleeding occurs in the mouth, subcutaneous and kidneys. Fatigue and general disease manifestation. The symptoms are the same as before, with increasing intensity. It is not possible to recover.
20 REM above. The same symptoms appear instantly at increasing intensity, then stop for several days in the "walking ghost" phase. Suddenly, the digestive cells with water loss and excessive bleeding are disrupted. Death begins with delusion and insanity. When the brain cannot control bodily functions such as respiration or blood circulation, the person dies. No medical treatment can reverse this; Medical help is only done to relieve pain.
Unfortunately, you have to admit that the person will die soon. Don't spend money on supplies or supplies for a person who dies from radiation. Save the food for healthy people, because it will be much needed. Radiation disease is common among young, elderly or patients.

Maintain important electrical equipment against electromagnetic shock (EMP). A nuclear weapon fired at a very high altitude will produce an electromagnetic pulse strong enough to destroy electronic and electrical equipment. At least remove all devices from electrical outlets and antennas. Keeping the radio and torches in a OFF metal box (a "Faraday cage") can protect them from EMP, but the protected items must not be in contact with the enclosure. The metal box must completely enclose the protected item, and grounding of the box will also be useful.
The parts to be protected must be insulated from the conductive shell, as the EMP field over the shield may still cause voltage in the solid-state circuit boards. A metal-wrapped görev space blanket sa (costing about 10 TL) can be used as a Faraday shield if a device that is safely wrapped with newspaper or cotton is away from an explosion.
Another method is to wrap a cardboard box in copper or aluminum foil. Place the item there and ground the device to the floor.

Be prepared for the next attacks. Probably the event will not be limited to a nuclear attack. Get ready for other attacks or invasions of enemy nations.
Keep your shelter intact unless the ingredients are absolutely necessary for your survival. Try to collect as much fresh water and food as you can.
However, if the enemy attacks again, this attack will probably be elsewhere in the country. If nothing works, live in a cave.